More Americans are using these loans, especially younger adults and families with young children. Nearly a third of Buy Now Pay Later users have used the service to pay for necessities like groceries and utilities.

Many choose BNPL loans because they are easy to get, easy to use and easy on the wallet at the time. But the risks of relying on BNPL make life anything but easy.����

The risks of Buy Now Pay Later are real and significant. These risks include unsustainable spending habits, unexpected debt accumulation, difficulty budgeting and losing track of multiple payments. Each of these factors can harm your finances, affect your credit score and lead to late fees or penalties.����

This article will reveal how Buy Now Pay Later works, the risks of using and relying on it and how �鶹��Ƶ member counselors can help if you’ve gotten in over your head.��

What is Buy Now Pay Later and how does it work?

“Buy Now Pay Later lets you split a purchase into smaller payments over time, most commonly over four equal, [bi-weekly] payments, including the first one at the point of sale,” said Todd Christensen, Housing Counseling and Education Manager for Debt Reduction Services, an �鶹��Ƶ member. “These are touted as interest-free if you make timely payments.”

While some extended installment plans operate like a traditional personal loan with fixed monthly due dates, standard signature “pay in 4” setups are different. These short-term installments are due at two-week intervals, meaning the entire balance is typically paid off in six weeks.

At the point of sale in a store or online, consumers select BNPL as their payment option. Then, they select their repayment option, and the lender performs a soft credit check.

For a standard “pay in 4” plan, the first installment is charged immediately at checkout. For longer-term installment options, the first payment is generally due 30 days after the purchase.

The most popular Buy Now Pay Later apps and loan providers include Affirm, Klarna, AfterPay and PayPal.��

How do Buy Now Pay Later lenders profit?

Fintech companies and BNPL providers primarily make money from merchants who pay them merchant fees for each related transaction or for advertising their products.

Other sources of revenue include debit card interchange fees, late fees, subscription services and income generated from longer-term financing options that charge interest.

Is using BNPL a life hack or unsustainable strategy?

Today, some consumers use BNPL as a survival tool for essential expenses. With the option to break larger sums into smaller bills without interest, it can sound like a great option. But is it?

The real issue is whether consumers use BNPL strategically or as a survival tool, said Kim Cole, Community Engagement Manager at Navicore Solutions, an �鶹��Ƶ member.��

“Buy Now Pay Later can be a useful short-term tool for managing an unexpected cash-flow gap, particularly when the financing is interest-free and the consumer has a clear plan for repayment,” said Cole.��

“A one-time bridge because payday is a few days away is very different from someone relying on Buy Now Pay Later every month for necessary expenses such as groceries or to keep the lights on; the latter is a warning sign,” said Anissa Schultz, Director of Enrollment and Client Services at Credit Advisors Foundation, an �鶹��Ƶ member.

When multiple payments stack up, consumers must use next month’s income to pay for last month’s necessities. That’s not a long-term solution or a life hack, said Schultz. It’s usually a sign that the budget simply isn’t working anymore.

The risks of using BNPL

According to Schultz, the biggest risk in using Buy Now Pay Later is how it makes spending feel smaller than it is. This can lead to unsustainable spending habits that rack up debt.

“Four payments of $25 doesn’t feel as painful as one payment of $100, even though it’s the same purchase. As such, people tend to minimize the impact to their budget and spend more than they should,” said Schultz.��

Using BNPL for necessities can turn a short-term cash-flow problem into a longer-term debt cycle, said Cole. “Groceries are consumed quickly and utility bills come every month, but the payments for those expenses can continue for weeks or months. Consumers may find themselves making payments on yesterday’s necessities while borrowing again to cover today’s [expenses],” said Cole.

BNPL borrowers often have multiple active loans at the same time. This can cause confusion about what bills are due when and for how much.��

“Missed payments, overdraft fees, late fees and eventually collection activity can follow,” said Schultz. ”People continue using Buy Now Pay Later because they’re trying to keep cash in their checking account for other bills, which only pushes the financial problem further down the road.”

BNPL also makes budgeting a challenge. Multiple plans and payments make it hard to see how much future income is already committed, emphasized Cole. The debt can feel almost invisible until several payments come due at the same time.��

“Individually, payments may seem small and manageable, but collectively they can strain a household budget and increase the risk of missed payments, overdrafts, late fees or other financial consequences,” said Cole.

Regular BNPL use for necessities means your budget isn’t working

�鶹��Ƶ member counselors report that more than half of the people who contact their agencies are struggling due to rising costs of housing, insurance, groceries, utilities and other essentials.

If you often use BNPL plans for groceries, utilities or other essential bills, you may have a cash-flow issue. This means your expenses have grown, or an emergency has occurred, but your income has not kept pace to offset the bills.

How to get out of Buy Now Pay Later debt

If your budget isn’t working, take a broad look at your full financial picture. This includes all income, assets, expenses, debts and other financial obligations.

�鶹��Ƶ member counselors recommend building a realistic budget as a foundational tool to break this cycle. This includes accounting for income, essential expenses and every outstanding debt obligation, including BNPL payments, said Cole.

“From there, counselors work with consumers to identify opportunities to reduce expenses or adjust spending so they can regain control of their cash flow,” said Cole. “One of the challenges with Buy Now Pay Later is that consumers may not initially think of these purchases as traditional debt. Simply putting all the payments in one place can be eye-opening and is often an important first step toward breaking the cycle.”

“Sometimes a debt management program can lower interest rates on credit card debt, creating breathing room in the monthly budget,” said Schultz.��

A debt management plan consolidates unsecured debt into a structured repayment plan with one lower monthly payment, lower interest rates and fees. Debt management plans are offered exclusively by credit counseling agencies. Agencies are carefully monitored by the government and must meet stringent criteria to qualify as an �鶹��Ƶ member.

Credit counseling can also help address the behavior behind repeated BNPL use.��

If you are regularly using installment loans to pay for basic necessities, the underlying budget shortfall indicates a need for greater financial stability. �鶹��Ƶ member counselors can help you untangle the numbers, build a working budget and explore your debt relief options.

Connect with a certified counselor by calling 800-450-1794 or clicking here to submit a request.����

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1. LendingTree:

2. Federal Reserve Board:

3. Congressional Research Service:

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The most financially distressed states

The financial health of a U.S. state is made up of the financial wellness of its residents. If a majority of the population delays or misses debt payments, has changes in credit scores or has growing bankruptcy claims, it indicates that the state is financially distressed.

measuring the number of state residents in financial distress. This study painted a picture of economic trends in each state and the residents’ overall financial health.

The study examined factors including bankruptcy rates, credit scores, and “debt” search volume. According to the analysis, the top 10 most financially distressed states are:

Texas

Texas has one of the highest rates of consumer debt in the nation. On average, Texans have . Texans also have the fourth-highest credit card delinquency rate in the nation, at 14.2%.��

Texas had the third-highest number of bankruptcies nationally, along with a high search volume for loans and debt help.

Florida

As one of the nation’s fastest-growing states, Florida residents struggle with affordability and financial stress.��

Floridians carry an average of $9,184 in credit card balances per user. Florida has the second-highest credit card delinquency rate at 14.9% and the .

On average, housing costs are higher due to the influx of new residents, and home insurance costs are double the national average. The recently rose by 14%, making Florida a top state for foreclosures in the nation.

Louisiana

Louisiana has the second-highest personal debt burden in the nation, . The state ranks among the top three poorest states in the U.S. with a poverty rate of 17.4%.��

Louisiana is also the . It also has the after 90 days and the highest average number of accounts in distress. Student loan delinquency rates are also among the highest.��

The average credit card debt in Louisiana is $7,015 per user. Louisiana has the third-highest credit card delinquency rate at 14.2%. Additionally, Louisianans have the second-lowest at just 686.��

Louisiana residents log some of the highest numbers of Google searches for loan-related queries, highlighting residents’ concerns about personal finances.

Nevada

Nevada leads the nation in average credit card delinquency, at 16.3% – four points higher than the national average. Nevadans have an average credit card debt of $8,381 per resident.

Residents also have the ninth lowest credit scores in the nation. Foreclosures have continued to grow rapidly year over year. Nevadans are also the fourth most frequent bankruptcy filers per capita in the U.S.

South Carolina

South Carolina ranks second-highest in the number of residents with accounts in distress. About 40% of the population falls below the (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed), making affordability a significant issue.

The average credit card debt per user in South Carolina is $6,706. The credit card delinquency rate is the 10th highest in the nation at 13.4%. The average FICO score of South Carolinians is 699.��

South Carolina is also sixth in the nation for debt delinquency.

Oklahoma

The average credit card debt per Oklahoma resident is $6,601, and the average credit card delinquency is 13.3%. More than 42% of Oklahoma residents fall under the ALICE Threshold, meaning they struggle to afford basic living expenses.

The average Oklahoman credit bureau score falls at 695 – tied with Texas for the fourth-lowest score. Oklahoma residents rank among the top five states searching for information about debt help and loans.��

North Carolina

North Carolinians rank high on the list for people with accounts in distress. Average credit card debt per user is $7,487, and the credit card delinquency rate is 12.5%. The average credit score for N.C. residents is 706.

North Carolina ranks eighth in the nation for delinquent debt payments. The lingering effects of Hurricane Helene, including damage to both properties and the economy, have continued to place stress on the state.��

Mississippi

Mississippi leads the nation in delinquent debt payments and has one of the lowest average credit scores at 676. It also ranks second in the nation for bankruptcy filings. Mississippi is considered the poorest state in the U.S. with a poverty rate of 18.8%.

. The average credit card debt is $6,146, and the delinquency rate is 13.4%. Mississippi has the highest percentage of households without bank accounts. It also has some of the lowest rates of sustainable spending habits and emergency savings among residents.

Kentucky

Kentucky is home to one of the nation’s highest poverty rates, ranking alongside Mississippi and Louisiana. It also has , according to WalletHub.

Average credit card debt per user in Kentucky is $5,908, and the credit card delinquency rate is 11.8%. Kentucky residents have an average credit score of 704. The state has the sixth highest number of bankruptcy filings in the nation.��

Alabama

Alabama firmly ranks among the top five poorest states in the U.S., with a poverty rate of 16.1%. It has the fourth highest number of bankruptcy filings in the nation.

The average credit card debt among Alabama residents is $6,619, and the average credit card delinquency rate is 12.2%. The average credit score is 691. Alabama residents rank fifth in the nation for delinquency on debt repayment.

Despite being an affordable place to live, Alabama residents struggle with low wages and the cost of basic necessities.��

The debt-versus-wealth paradox

Interestingly, when comparing debt by state, the states with the highest total outstanding balances are often wealthy, high-cost-of-living areas. This includes states like California, New York, Washington, Massachusetts and Maryland.

High mortgages and steep living costs drive these numbers. However, high incomes shield these residents from severe financial distress. They maintain strong credit scores and low default rates, according to the WalletHub study.

Conversely, the most financially distressed states face different economic struggles. Residents there hold lower average debt balances overall. Yet, they suffer from high delinquency and default rates. They also experience surging bankruptcy filings and lower credit scores.

How the �鶹��Ƶ can help with overwhelming debt

Credit card delinquencies have hit an all-time high. Personal savings rates have fallen to a two-decade low. Despite these harsh economic realities, the Financial Counseling Association of America (�鶹��Ƶ) can help.

Our member agencies work with consumers across all 50 states. We hear personal stories of distress firsthand every day.

If you are struggling with overwhelming debt, reach out to the �鶹��Ƶ. We will connect you with a trustworthy credit counseling agency that provides high-quality debt and budgeting assistance. Our members meet these stringent requirements:

• Certify all financial counselors
• Maintain non-profit status
• Achieve independent, third-party accreditation
• Meet annual licensing and compliance requirements in their service states

When you contact the �鶹��Ƶ, we will connect you to a counselor to help with your unique financial situation. Our agencies do not provide loans or grants. Instead, your counselor’s goal is to help you build a realistic debt repayment plan. �鶹��Ƶ us to find a counselor today.

The post The Nation’s Most Financially Distressed States appeared first on �鶹��Ƶ.

Today, more Americans are tapping into their retirement accounts because of financial emergencies. Workers are saving more in retirement accounts and have begun to view them as financial lifelines when emergencies arise. This strategy is dangerous and could cost you thousands.

Most financial experts say using retirement savings to pay off debt or deal with an emergency is a bad idea.

This article will discuss 401k early withdrawals, how they can impact your finances, and how to survive a financial emergency or mounting credit card debt.

What is a financial emergency?

First, let’s examine the differences between a financial emergency and a non-emergency.��

A financial emergency is a sudden, unplanned event or expense that threatens your financial security. Often, this involves your or a loved one’s health, housing, transportation or basic survival. A financial emergency usually requires money that is not a normal part of your budget.��

A non-emergency involves events or circumstances that you can plan for in advance. So, a vacation, school tuition, routine car or house maintenance, impulse purchases, late fees or overdue bills are not considered financial emergencies.��

Emergency funds help to cover the unexpected expenses that come along with a financial emergency. These special savings accounts provide financial security, prevent debt and enable peace of mind.

�鶹��Ƶ offers advice on how to build an emergency fund. We outline the importance of saving, cutting back on non-essential expenses, how to fund your emergency account and more. Our member counselors also have experience helping people build emergency funds while paying off debt. We’re happy to help you!

Is it a good idea to use your 401k account in a financial emergency?

Experts urge caution before dipping into your 401k. Withdrawing funds early can incur taxes and penalties, slow your account growth and may impact how much Medicare will cost.

“Before tapping into your 401k for any reason, it’s important to consider the implications and how withdrawing funds could impact your overall financial situation,” cautioned Tara Alderete, senior director of Enterprise Learning for Money Management International (MMI), an �鶹��Ƶ member.��

Amanda Reid-Raper, credit counselor for Consumer Credit of Des Moines, agrees. “A 401k can feel like a quick fix because it is money you have saved, but we usually recommend looking at other options first. It can fix the immediate problem but create a bigger one later.”��

“Your 401k should be treated as a last resort,” says Lara Ceccarelli, Client Success Coordinator for American Financial Solutions, also an �鶹��Ƶ member.��

Short-term consequences of dipping into your 401k early

An early withdrawal from your 401k has both short- and long-term costs, especially before you reach age 59½.

“In the short-term, the withdrawn amount will be subject to both income tax and to a 401k early withdrawal penalty, except in very limited circumstances,” said Ceccarelli. “This means that a significant portion of the amount withdrawn will be lost.”

For example, withdrawing $20,000 from your retirement account before age 59½ triggers immediate federal tax withholding. With overall taxes and penalties, the $20,000 you withdraw today can be dramatically reduced to $14,400 or less, depending upon your specific situation.������

If you’re 59½ years of age or older, the 10% penalty is not assessed, but the 20% withdrawal penalty remains. You also have to pay state income tax on the amount withdrawn. There are a few caveats that may allow you to . Details can be found on the IRS website.

Long-term consequences of utilizing your 401k for a financial emergency or to pay off debt

“You may have taxes, penalties or loan repayment issues, and the money you withdraw is no longer growing for retirement,” said Reid-Raper. “If the budget issue that caused the debt is not addressed, the credit cards could build up again, leaving you with both new debt and less retirement savings.”

This equates to an opportunity cost, Ceccarelli explains. “Money that is placed in a 401k account compounds as your investments grow over time. When you withdraw those funds, you lose both the amount you took out and the future gains those dollars would have generated over time.”

Other considerations

If you are close to retirement age, a large withdrawal from your 401k may increase your adjusted gross income so much that it triggers surcharges on Medicare costs. Surcharges are based on income two years before Medicare begins.

Some people ask about 401K hardship withdrawals. Some retirement plans allow for hardship withdrawals, but they are still penalized and are often not easy to do.

401k loans are also an option, but interest must be paid on the loan (though often less than normal loans). A loan from your retirement account must typically be paid back within five years or less. Additionally, if you leave your employer before you pay the loan back, the balance will be due in 90 days, or you must take it as a withdrawal and incur the tax-related early withdrawal penalty.

What to do when a financial emergency hits

“Pause and weigh all options,” Reid-Raper advises. While this can be hard to do because an emergency requires quick action, thinking through your options can help prevent costly mistakes.��

Before making a decision, do the following:

• Assess your situation. Take stock of your income, expenses and available resources and adjust your budget to eliminate unnecessary expenses or find ways to increase your income until things change.
• Speak to your employer to see if you qualify for employee assistance or hardship programs.
• �鶹��Ƶ your creditors and utility providers to explain the situation and discuss your options.
• Explore non-profit resources. Many communities have local organizations that can help with true emergencies, even if you don’t qualify for government assistance. This typically includes housing costs, groceries, utilities and sometimes even more niche expenses, such as emergency vet bills. , is a good place to start.
• Research financing options, such as personal loans, a loan against the 401k, promotional-rate credit card offers, vendor financing with no interest for a set period, or borrowing from a family member with clear repayment terms. Compare the total cost, monthly payment, interest rate, fees and what happens if payments are missed.
• Consider selling things you don’t need or use any more, like a vehicle, equipment or jewelry.
• �鶹��Ƶ the �鶹��Ƶ to discuss the situation with a non-profit credit counselor who can help you identify potential savings and ways to reduce other debts.

How to pay down credit card debt instead of dipping into your 401k

“It is possible to eliminate growing credit card debt without tapping into retirement accounts,” said Alderete.��

To reduce debt on your own, consider using the avalanche or snowball method to repay debt, beginning with accounts that have the lowest balance or highest interest rate.

If you want to pay off debt faster and at a lower cost, consider a debt management plan from an �鶹��Ƶ member agency.

��“A debt management plan essentially works like consolidation without a loan or credit check,” said Alderete. “You’ll work with a credit counseling organization that will negotiate lower interest rates and consolidate your accounts. You’ll make one monthly payment to the credit counseling organization that will disburse payments to your creditors as agreed and send you a monthly statement.”

“A debt management plan provides structure … and a clear path to pay down debt over time,” added Reid-Raper. “It also helps build better habits and confidence by working through the debt with a realistic budget rather than tapping into future retirement [funds].”

Additional benefits of a debt management plan include keeping your accounts in good standing, accelerating your payoff time, saving money on payments and interest – all while continuing to build your credit, said Ceccarelli.

Before using your retirement funds, contact an �鶹��Ƶ member counselor

�鶹��Ƶ member counselors are specially trained to help people in difficult financial situations. Our members are highly vetted to ensure they meet industry licensing, accreditation and certification. Our members’ non-judgmental, confidential counseling can help you weather difficult times, potentially at a lower cost.����

�鶹��Ƶ an �鶹��Ƶ member counselor today for your free consultation or by calling 800-450-1794.

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Why and how people spend money are deeply rooted in psychology – the psychology of spending. Our choices are influenced by how we grew up, social comparisons, our emotions and other factors.

In this article, we will discuss the psychology of spending, how spending has changed over the last few years, the impact of social media and how credit counseling can help.

What influences people’s spending habits?

Psychological, social and environmental factors heavily influence spending habits.¹ The first place we learn about spending and money management is at home with our family of origin.

Learned spending habits

”Spending behaviors can be viewed as a learned behavior often transmitted by parents and other influential individuals, and … passed from generation to generation,” according to a study on the psychological side of spending behaviors.²

Children’s early exposure to spending money on needs and wants has an unconscious but significant impact on their future spending habits. A parent who splurges when a windfall comes, then struggles to afford daily necessities, provides a drastically different model for children than a parent who pays bills on time and uses extra funds to pay down debt or grow their savings account.

“Spending behaviors are deeply tied to emotions, upbringing and societal pressures,” says Melinda Opperman, Chief External Affairs Officer for , an �鶹��Ƶ member. “Shame, guilt or anxiety around money can perpetuate unhealthy cycles.”

Overspending behaviors like overuse of credit, compulsive gambling, an obsession with the stock market or a need to spend money to create a mood change can set children up to fall into the same bad habits.²

On the other hand, parents who are silent about money management are missing an opportunity to develop their children’s financial literacy. Ideally, practicing good financial habits for spending and saving will give your kids a positive model for building good credit and handling money.

Keeping up with the Joneses and social comparison theory

We all know people who have sacrificed financially to buy something, not because they needed it, but to feel like they fit in.

A comic strip in the early 1900s coined the phrase, “Keeping up with the Joneses.” The strip featured a family that struggled to keep up socially and economically with their neighbors, the Joneses. It is an excellent example of social comparison theory: People evaluate their worth, abilities and attitudes by comparing themselves to others.

Peers’ choices about spending, food, and even voting strongly shape how people make decisions, according to social comparison theory. However, comparing yourself to a high-performing peer or a trendy influencer may leave you feeling lackluster. In response to emotional pressure, some people spend money to try to fit in.

Behind this is a strong desire to belong and to have . Fear of being different and peer pressure are the main drivers of spending habits.

Spending to fill a void

“Spending decisions are rarely just about one thing,” said Loretta Roney, President and CEO of InCharge Debt Solutions, an �鶹��Ƶ member. “Many times they’re emotional. Stress, uncertainty and the need to solve an immediate problem all play a huge role.”

Emotionally-based spending emphasizes meeting emotional needs with material goods. Psychologically, it is an unhealthy coping strategy, just like overeating when you feel sad. Studies have found a tie between this impulsive spending and buyer’s remorse.

“When money is spent with the intent of overcoming feelings of insecurity, this leads to greater ill-being through need frustration,” one study found.³

How has spending changed in recent years?

According to recent figures from , consumer debt is rising, but credit card utilization may be declining slightly. What are the drivers of this shift?

Spending in the U.S. has changed a lot recently because of economic pressure, inflation and uncertainty. The average American now has less extra income.

“There is a noticeable reduction in spending on non-essentials, with more [people] seeking help before reaching crisis points,” Opperman explains.

Roney concurs. “Inflation has been the biggest driver,” she says. “Essentials like housing, medical costs, gas and food are taking up much more of people’s budgets. [Our credit counseling] clients are using credit more just to get through the month, while things like saving money or planning for emergencies often get pushed aside.”

Yet, emotional spending and impulse purchases still occur – especially under stress – often followed by regret or anxiety.

How people respond when money gets tight

When finances tighten, spending habits must change as well. Luxury expenses must either be trimmed back or paid for with costly personal loans or high-interest credit cards.

Spending habits become ingrained over time, making change challenging.

“People get used to a certain lifestyle and struggle to completely leave it, even when their income comes down,” said Martin Lynch, �鶹��Ƶ President.

Many people choose to tighten their financial belt and cut unnecessary expenses. But splurging now and then may still feel justified, especially under peer pressure or emotional stress. If income can’t cover all expenses, people must find alternative ways to pay.

“When normal spending habits start to trend higher for basic needs, then things like clothing, small extras, entertainment or savings just don’t fit into the budget anymore. If they do, that is where some clients start utilizing credit in a negative way,” Roney explained.

“Recently, we’ve seen an increase in payday lending to cover short-term needs, or advances on payroll, which sometimes also come with increased costs and fees,” added Roney.

Debt in the United States has increased by . The was $105,444, including mortgage debt or $21,603 excluding mortgage debt.

Social media, influencers and digital marketing affect spending

Social media and digital marketing often entice people to spend more. Many credit counselors see evidence of these digital influences leading to overspending and debt, rather than providing financial education.

“Social media is a double-edged sword. On one hand, it promotes aspirational lifestyles, fueling FOMO and overspending. We still see clients spending a tremendous amount on Amazon, where buying is constant and almost automatic,” said Opperman.

“On the other hand, trends like ‘loud budgeting,’ ‘joy-based budgeting,’ and thrifting are empowering clients to be more transparent and intentional about their finances. These movements reduce stigma and create communities around mindful spending,” she added.

People who struggle with emotion-based spending are more likely to make purchases when regularly exposed to digital ads.¹

“Social media makes it easy to spend through buy-now-pay-later options. An evening scroll will present constant product recommendations, which can challenge the consumer to feel pressure to buy or spend even when budgets are tight,” said Roney.

Social media showcases sponsored posts and ads paired with influencer posts about products you need to buy. The temptation to give in is common. Holding your ground and saying no is challenging.

“When people are under pressure, using credit often feels like the quickest way to get relief. Many consumers feel they are going to be able to turn around and pay a charge back off, but then another thing, and another thing happens, and the next thing they know they are in over their heads,” shared Roney.

“That doesn’t come from being careless; it comes from being human. The most effective solutions recognize that there is a need to focus on mindset and behavior change just as much as the numbers.”

How can credit counseling help you develop good spending habits?

Credit counseling helps people overcome debt and overspending by offering confidential, unbiased counseling based on each individual’s financial situation. Counselors help destigmatize financial struggles, equip clients with tools to regain control, and address the root causes of overspending.

“Credit counseling can provide education, accountability and emotional support. By helping clients understand their spending triggers and develop healthier money habits, counselors address both the practical and psychological aspects of debt,” said Opperman. “Counseling offers a safe space for clients to discuss financial stress without judgment, fostering positive behavioral change.”

Most people who call an �鶹��Ƶ member agency feel relief and hope after their first call.

“When clients finally talk through their situation and have a plan, we can instantly hear and see the relief,” shared Roney. “Clients regularly use words in our counseling sessions such as guilt, shame and that they ‘should have known better.’ After joining a debt management plan, many clients say they’re sleeping better, and their overall mental health and family dynamics are improving.”

Counseling helps people feel more in control and less overwhelmed, which makes healthier financial decisions much easier to stick with,” she added.

To connect with an �鶹��Ƶ member credit counselor about your spending, money management or debt, click to find a counselor or call 800-450-1794.

References:
1) Mbonigaba, C., & Vanitha, N. (2018). The psychology of spending: Why we buy things we don’t need. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology, 3(1), 110-116.
2) Carrier, L., & Maurice, D. (1998). Beneath the surface: The psychological side of spending behaviors. Journal of Financial Planning, 11(1), 94.
3) Manganelli, L., & Forest, J. (2024). Spending motives matter: Using self-determination theory to explore the effects of motives for spending on psychological health. Trends in Psychology, 32(2), 541–571. doi.org

The post The Psychology of Spending – Developing Good Spending Habits appeared first on �鶹��Ƶ.

Consider these interesting statistics about couples and money:

• 74% of Americans say .
• 78% of Americans see (drawing the line under $25k).��
• Almost half of U.S. adults (43%) believe .��
• Nearly one in four people have .
• 90% of people say .

Communication is key in relationships, especially talking openly and honestly about money management. In fact, .

“Financial compatibility plays a significant role in long-term relationship stability,” said Kim Cole, Community Engagement Manager for Navicore Solutions, an �鶹��Ƶ member. “Proactive conversations about money can help couples align expectations, reduce conflict and build a shared financial strategy.”

Combining finances, identifying financial red flags and budgeting as a couple are areas you should explore. This article will guide you through how to have a financial conversation with your partner.

Questions to ask your partner about money

If you’re dating or thinking about the next step in a relationship, discussing financial philosophy is important. But asking about your partner’s financial past and money habits can be uncomfortable. Most experts recommend discussing money early in a relationship. According to a , this should happen within the first six months.��

Start your conversation with these financial questions:

1) What current financial obligations do you have? Do you currently have debt, and how are you planning to handle it?

Be honest about your debt and share your repayment plan and timeline. While you may feel uncertain, being honest can actually improve your relationship.

“Full disclosure of your financial situation is important for building trust in a relationship. Knowing about your partner’s student loans, credit card debt, personal loans or other liabilities is essential. Debt affects cash flow, creditworthiness and future financial planning,” said Cole.��

2) How do you approach budgeting and spending? How often should we check in about our monthly budget?

Fights over money are common in relationships, especially when partners are used to managing their money individually.

“Most people can be described as spenders or savers, and the two types are often not compatible,” said Manuel Salazar, CEO of Take Charge America, an �鶹��Ƶ member.

“Setting financial boundaries together and being in agreement on those boundaries sets the foundation for a strong financial life,” advised Cole.

Determine whether you prefer weekly, bi-weekly or monthly budget check-ins to keep your budget and savings goals on track.��

3) How were you raised to think about money? What does financial security look like to you?

Your partner likely formed their views on spending and saving with their family of origin in their early years.

“Financial attitudes are often shaped by upbringing. Understanding these influences provides context for current behaviors and risk tolerance,” said Cole.��

Depending on upbringing, reliance on credit and late payments may feel normal. Other households may have considered earning a lot of money as shameful. These different views could put great stress on a relationship with a partner who handles money differently.

“It can be hard to break away from some financial habits. Regular discussions about money can help you identify flaws in your financial thinking and create new habits,” Cole shared.

If you have credit card debt, you may benefit from the help of a non-judgmental �鶹��Ƶ member credit counselor. They can provide an experienced, outside perspective and help you create a budget and debt management plan.

4) What are your short- and long-term financial goals?

“Understanding whether a partner prioritizes homeownership, entrepreneurship, early retirement, travel or other goals helps ensure alignment in saving and spending decisions,” said Cole.

5) Do you have an emergency fund?

Emergency funds are a stash of cash set aside specifically for emergencies. Learn more about the importance of an emergency fund and discuss it with your partner.

6) How should we divide financial responsibilities?

“Couples should discuss whether expenses will be split evenly, proportionally to income, or handled through another arrangement,” advised Cole.��

“This will look different for every couple. However, it is important that each person has access to and an understanding of the financial situation.”

Make sure your conversation includes the role each partner will play in managing money.��

“Talk about each person’s role in the finances, and make sure the responsibilities are divided based on each person’s natural strengths,” said Amanda Reid-Raper, credit counselor for Consumer Credit of Des Moines, an �鶹��Ƶ member.��

For example, one person might balance monthly transactions because they enjoy problem-solving and working with numbers. The other partner may build and maintain the budget and tracking tools because they like to visualize the bigger picture.

“When both people are involved, and each has a clear role, the odds of success are higher,” said Reid-Raper. “The goal is true partnership, and teamwork is the key ingredient that will get you there.”

The pros and cons of combining finances

Merging finances can impact your life as a couple, depending on each person’s financial habits, priorities and spending.��Managing combined finances is often easier, builds trust and fosters teamwork.

“A successful financial merger, although difficult, is a sign of a healthy, caring relationship,” said Salazar.

Below are our experts’ rationales for combining finances after marriage.

Pros of combining finances in relationships

• Simplifies day-to-day money management with easier bill paying, tracking spending and household budgeting
• Encourages greater financial transparency and reduces secrecy by limiting financial surprises
• Promotes open communication and can reduce misunderstandings around money��
• Fosters a team mindset by working towards shared financial goals like buying a home or saving for retirement
• Can potentially strengthen borrowing power and access to certain types of loans

Merging finances can also present challenges and stressors if partners have different financial habits or expectations.��

Cons of merging finances in relationships

• Loss of independence or flexibility in personal spending – parties may feel their spending is monitored
• Shared financial risk – one partner’s debt, credit issues or poor financial choices can affect the other
• Income imbalances can lead to friction and an imbalance of power in the relationship
• Differences in risk tolerance, saving priorities or spending can lead to disagreements
• Separating joint checking and savings accounts, assets and liabilities can be complicated legally and financially if the relationship ends

Financial red flags in relationships

�鶹��Ƶ asked our member experts about the choices and behaviors that raise warning flags. “Certain financial behaviors in a relationship can signal deeper issues that deserve attention,” said Cole.��

What financial red flags in a relationship should you watch out for?

Lack of transparency

“A lack of transparency around money, such as concealing debt, income or spending habits, can undermine trust and may point to financial infidelity,” said Cole.

“Pay attention to patterns like hidden bills, evasive answers, constant ’emergencies’ involving money, a need to borrow money from you (especially if the explanation is suspicious), or pressure to spend beyond what makes sense. Those are often signs of financial instability or dishonesty,” advised Salazar.

“Secrecy related to finances can be a huge red flag. If one person hides accounts, avoids conversations or has total control over finances, this could create money issues for the couple and overall problems in the relationship,” warned Reid-Raper.��

Chronic overspending

“Overspending can lead to significant debt that can often be hard to get out from underneath,” said Reid-Raper. It can also mask a deeper issue, such as chronic stress, addiction or financial distress.

Avoidance of financial discussions

“When one partner is unwilling to talk about money, it becomes difficult to plan effectively for shared goals and responsibilities,” said Cole.

Restricting access to funds

“Financial control or restriction, where one partner limits the other’s access to funds or uses money as leverage, may indicate an unhealthy power dynamic within the relationship,” warned Cole.��

No shared financial vision

“Without shared goals, financial decisions become reactive rather than intentional. A strong financial partnership starts with a shared vision,” said Reid-Raper.

Major differences in risk tolerance

“Significant differences in investment philosophy or risk tolerance can also become problematic if neither partner is willing to compromise. These mismatches can disrupt long-term financial planning and stability,” said Cole.

Tips for budgeting as a couple

�鶹��Ƶ and our members strongly encourage people to regularly revisit their budgets. People who follow a budget are less likely to get into debt. They often have more financial success than those who just “wing it.”��

Get help creating a budget. Start with this article about how to create a budget. If you need budgeting advice tailored to your specific situation, contact an �鶹��Ƶ member credit counselor.

Be honest and open with your partner about money. Begin all of your money conversations with full transparency. Judgement-free communication is key.

Schedule regular financial check-ins. Find a time that fits your schedules, when you are both calm and prepared to talk. Expect your money talks to be an ongoing conversation, not a one-and-done discussion. Monthly or biweekly discussions help couples review spending, adjust goals and maintain accountability.

“Couples need to create spending plans together, design appropriate insurance coverages together, emergency savings plans together, etc., to make sure there is no duplication of effort and that every need is accounted for,” said Martin Lynch, �鶹��Ƶ President and Director of Education for Cambridge Credit.��

Establish clear shared goals. Identifying your monthly income, expenses and short- and long-term goals is a great place to start. Then revisit to track your progress.��

“A values-based budget, centered on agreed priorities such as retirement, debt repayment and lifestyle goals, provides direction and purpose,” said Cole.

Working towards joint goals can strengthen teamwork, trust and excitement, helping you stay on track with your savings.��

“Do your best to plan,” encouraged Reid-Raper. “Plan for the expected, like housing, groceries and savings. Also, plan for the unexpected auto repairs, home maintenance and medical bills.”

Maintain personal allowances. ��Merged or separate, every budget should let both partners have a few dollars to spend however they want without review, according to Salazar.

Cole agrees: “An allowance helps to preserve autonomy and reduce conflict.” It’s important for both partners to feel like they have a say in the overall financial picture.

Need more help navigating aspects of couples and money?��

�鶹��Ƶ and our members are here to help with a free consultation, budget analysis and practical debt advice. They can also help with a debt management plan if you’re having trouble repaying unsecured credit card debts. �鶹��Ƶ an �鶹��Ƶ member counselor today for more information.

The post How to Talk to Your Partner About Finances appeared first on �鶹��Ƶ.

The past few years have been tough on Americans’ personal finances. Nearly struggle to live paycheck to paycheck, and only can afford a $1,000 emergency expense.

Many consumers want a proactive approach to get their finances on track, according to recent surveys by and . However, creating a strategy to get out of debt, break free from the paycheck-to-paycheck cycle, and build up financial fitness requires effort.

This is why the Financial Counseling Association of America (�鶹��Ƶ) offers debt-challenged families and individuals tools and resources to get financially fit. Think of the �鶹��Ƶ and our members as your non-judgmental, experienced debt help coaches.

Just as choosing to live a healthier lifestyle through diet and exercise requires breaking bad habits and forming healthy ones, growing stronger in financial fitness requires doing the same. Below, our team defines financial fitness and offers five tips to help you get financially fit.

What is financial fitness?

Financial fitness describes your overall financial health, including the knowledge, skills, and habits that enable you to manage money well. It includes understanding income and expenses, budgeting and emergency funds, as well as saving for retirement and long-term goals.

People with good financial fitness or financial wellness also regularly review their finances, check their credit score, pay down credit card debt and set financial goals.��The goal of financial fitness is to have a healthy relationship with money.

Similar to creating physical fitness and nutrition plans if you’re trying to lose weight, financial fitness involves discipline, goal setting and regular check-ins to achieve results. To cut back on an excess of debt or to save for a dream vacation, plans must be made for how much income you can make and how it will be saved or spent.

Five tips to get financially fit

#1 Create a budget and stick to it

Take some time today to identify where your money comes from and what you spend it on. Whether written by hand or drafted in a Google doc or spreadsheet, having a list of your income and expenses is foundational.

“Create and personalize a percentage-based household spending plan to identify financial activities you are over or underfunding,” says Todd R. Christensen, author and Housing and Education Manager at Debt Reduction Services.

If you need help figuring out what should be on your budget, try the �鶹��Ƶ’s budgeting calculator, the Debt Freedom Tool. Or, contact an �鶹��Ƶ counselor to talk through your thoughts and receive non-judgmental, expert advice.

Once you’ve noted your monthly income and expenses, check to see if your expenses exceed your income. If they do, see what you can cut out.

Then track your spending each month to see if you are within your budget. When you stay within your budget, celebrate! Choose a pre-determined small treat (renting a movie or getting a coffee), not a spending binge.

#2 Set up automatic deposits for your emergency fund, retirement savings and short-term goals

Designate a portion of your paycheck to go directly into your savings and retirement accounts. If your employer pays you by direct deposit, this is easy to do automatically. With this simple practice, you’re more likely to save and less likely to be tempted to spend.

Taking small steps like this sets you up to succeed and can make a significant difference in your financial wellness.

Why do you need to save for emergencies and retirement? Because both will happen at some point. Those who are saving and investing will weather the challenges much better than people who have not saved.

“Thinking you can go another year without an emergency fund is one of the biggest pitfalls I see,” said Christensen. “If you aren’t directly depositing something into savings, you will likely spend every penny you earn and end the year the same as last year.”

A good rule of thumb for how much money to keep in your emergency fund is three to six months of living expenses. Emergency savings will protect you from debt if unexpected problems arise. If the water heater goes out or you have an unexpected car bill, you will have a cushion of protection. It also gives you flexibility if you lose your job or a loved one has an expensive medical event.

#3 Check your credit report each year

Review your credit reports each year – for free – at . With the prevalence of identity theft and the changing nature of people’s credit, it is important to know what is actually on your report.

If you find accounts or charges that are not yours, contact the creditor immediately to dispute the charges and close the account. If someone tried to steal your identity, . They will create a personalized recovery plan for you. (Click to read more about how to protect yourself from financial scams.)

Reviewing your credit report can also lead to positive surprises.

“I had a couple come in to review their credit report,” Christensen said. “They came in with shoulders a little slumped and eyes cast down when they told me there would be things on their credit report that they weren’t proud of. As we reviewed their credit reports, we quickly realized the items they were afraid to see had already been removed due to the seven-year reporting limitation.”

Christensen continued: “This couple had intentionally avoided looking into purchasing a home because they assumed their credit rating was too low. As it turned out, they had very good credit. When they left, they had a bounce in their step. Two months later, I ran into them, and they told me they were about to close on their first home.”

#4�� Reduce debts and think carefully before taking on more debt

Over time, credit card bills can snowball and overwhelm people without an emergency fund or a plan to pay off their debt.

Debt can cause significant stress and physical and mental ailments. It can also cause people to miss out on vacations, family time or a better quality of life.

“Overwhelming consumer debt equates to major opportunity costs,” said Christensen. Households that are using their entire current income to pay off past purchases will miss out on:

• Investing in retirement plans, making retirement years harder
• Saving for emergencies, causing stress when the inevitable emergency comes
• Creating memories through shared experiences (travel, gifts, etc.); no cushion in the budget leads to missed opportunities
• Advancing financial goals, like replacing a vehicle, upgrading appliances and furniture or providing for children’s college education

To cut back on debt, consider which services and purchases you can cut and be cautious about taking on long-term financial obligations.

“Avoid contracting for a gym membership you will likely never use,” Christensen advises. “If you can’t get yourself to exercise at home (calisthenics, walking/jogging, etc.), you’re highly unlikely to sustain any habit of going to a gym. Plus, many gym contracts come with onerous terms that don’t permit you to get out of the membership without paying the entire annual contract.”

Also, watch out for tempting sales and offers. “Buy-Now-Pay-Later purchases are specially designed to get consumers to buy more than they can afford,” Christensen warns.

You can try to reduce your debt on your own by using the debt snowball or debt avalanche methods.

The debt snowball method encourages you to pay off the smallest debt you have first. Then use the extra money to pay off the next smallest debt and so on. This results in immediate progress and helps many people keep going on their debt repayment journey.

The debt avalanche method focuses on paying off the debt with the highest interest first. This method saves more money, but may take longer.

Other debt help strategies include debt management plans through a non-profit credit counseling agency (like �鶹��Ƶ members), debt settlement or bankruptcy. Learn more about each here.

�鶹��Ƶ’s non-profit members offer a free consultation and affordable debt and credit counseling as part of their educational mission.

#5�� Set financial fitness goals

Regardless of your financial situation, planning for your financial future is wise. Just like you set goals to reach a number on the scale or fit into a special outfit, do the same to get financially fit! Set a goal to save for a vacation, a downpayment on a house or long-term retirement.

Consider opening an additional savings account at your bank, and start saving! Set up a direct deposit to help you commit to your goals. Ask about a high-interest savings account to make your money work harder.

When planning for a large expense, reframe your thinking. Instead of putting a large expense on a credit card or financing, can you cut back and save aggressively leading up to the purchase?

“Car payments, just because they’re the norm, are a big pitfall. Big car payments are about the fastest way to get a household into financial trouble,” said Christensen.

“The typical car loan payments are now over $500 per month, but that doesn’t mean they’re a good idea. The average household transportation expenses (payment, insurance, gasoline) should not exceed 10 percent of household gross income.”

Good financial fitness provides benefits

Developing and maintaining good financial fitness builds the strength to overcome temptation, discipline to save, and pride in your good habits.

Healthy financial fitness also builds good credit. Higher credit scores allow you to obtain lower interest rates on car, home or other loans.

Financial fitness also allows for greater generosity, flexibility and enjoyment of life through leisure time, travel, hobbies and more.

Need help getting started?

If you need help developing healthy financial fitness habits, contact one of our member agencies. �鶹��Ƶ member agencies are experts in budgeting, debt and credit counseling, and debt management plans.��

Don’t struggle to build a budget or get out of debt on your own. Tap our trustworthy network of certified, non-profit members whose mission centers around helping people get out of debt, not making money at your expense. �鶹��Ƶ an �鶹��Ƶ member counselor today!

Editor’s Note: This article was originally published in January 2024 and was updated in April 2026 with more current information.

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Finances can be confusing. Debt and credit are two aspects of finances that most people deal with at some point in their lives. This article will help you understand what debt mix and a credit mix are and how that information can help you better manage your finances.

Understanding your debt mix and credit mix makes it easier to improve your credit score and opportunities for borrowing.��

What is a debt mix?

A personal debt mix refers to the amounts owed across different types of credit accounts, such as credit cards and car loans. Your debt mix focuses on how much debt you owe and to what type of accounts – either secured or unsecured loans.��

Secured debt is a loan or credit line that is backed by an asset, like a car or a home.��

Secured debt is safer for lenders because, if the borrower stops repaying, the lender can seize the asset. Mortgages and auto loans are examples of secured debt. This means if you stop paying your mortgage, since it is a secured debt, the lender can seize the asset – your house.��

“Secured loans are generally less risky for lenders, so consumers may have more lenient credit requirements, and their payment history on these loans may be weighed heavier when determining credit score impact,” said , Senior Director of Enterprise Learning for MMI, an �鶹��Ƶ member agency.

Unsecured debt is a credit line or loan that does not require an asset to borrow from the lender.��

Credit cards, student loans and personal loans are examples of unsecured debt. If you don’t pay your credit card balance, the lender will not seize your lunch or your new purse. However, paying late or not paying at all will result in late fees, a decline in credit score, debt collection and/or legal action.��

“Student loans are unique because they are unsecured but are treated like secured debt in a scoring model,” said , Director of Strategic Initiatives for American Financial Solutions, another �鶹��Ƶ member. “They are evaluated primarily on payment history and the balance-to-loan ratio rather than revolving utilization.”

What is a credit mix?

The types of credit accounts where you owe money make up a credit mix. In a credit mix, debt is classified as revolving or installment credit.��

Revolving credit accounts include credit card accounts and home equity lines of credit (HELOC). With revolving accounts, you can borrow varying amounts of money up to a certain limit each month. These accounts typically have no set end date.

Installment credit accounts have fixed payments to be made at set intervals (e.g., monthly) over a set timeframe.��

Having and repaying both revolving and installment debt shows lenders that you can manage different types of debt responsibly. According to , “An ideal credit mix includes a variety of both revolving accounts and installment accounts.”��

One way lenders evaluate whether you have a good credit mix and debt mix is to look at your . A FICO score is a three-digit number calculated based on the information in your credit reports.

In a FICO score calculation, 35 percent is based on your payment history. 30 percent comes from amounts owed to lenders. The length of credit history makes up 15 percent of the score, and credit mix and new credit are 10 percent each.��

“Credit scoring models also use an algorithm, so the impact of an action could vary by consumer,” said Alderete.

How do you know if you have a healthy debt mix?

“Knowing your and what it means is a good place to start,” said Alderete.

To find your debt-to-income ratio, divide your total debt by your total gross income. Total debt includes housing, auto loans, credit cards and student loans. Gross income represents the amount of money you make before taxes and deductions.��

“A 36 percent DTI ratio is generally considered reasonable,” said Alderete, but it’s best to aim for an even lower ratio. A lower DTI indicates that you have a better balance of income to debt.

“It’s also important to consider the different types of debt you’re managing and how this contributes to your credit score and overall financial health,” said Alderete. “Your ability to make regular fixed payments on secured loans, like a mortgage or auto loan, could indicate a lower borrowing risk, thereby weighing more heavily in what makes up that 10 percent of your FICO score.”

Does how much unsecured credit you use affect your credit score?

Yes, the amount of your credit limits used on unsecured debt versus secured debt will impact your credit score.��

“The distinction between the debt types comes down to volatility versus predictability,” said House.��

“Credit utilization primarily tracks revolving debt like credit cards and revolving lines of credit. In a FICO credit score, this accounts for 30 percent of the score. Because people can spend, pay and re-borrow, scoring models view high balances as a red flag for financial over-extension.”

However, House explained, installment loans, such as mortgages and auto loans, are fixed. They move in one direction – down – because balances drop as payments are made.��

“Scoring models view these as a sign of stability if payments are made on time. Basically, high utilization on a credit card signals a potential crisis, while a high balance on a new mortgage simply signals a new homeowner,” she said.

Does unsecured debt hurt your credit score more than secured debt?

“It’s not that one type inherently hurts a credit score more,” said House. “It’s how the debt is used.”��

The composition of debt mix is important in credit score calculations. Balances on secured loans drop with every payment. The main factor being measured is payment history – the largest part of a credit score.

“With unsecured, revolving credit – like credit cards – scores consider payment history and how much of the available credit is being used,” said House. “High utilization can lower scores even when payments are made on time, making unsecured debt appear more harmful if balances stay high.”

What hurts your credit score more – missing an unsecured credit card payment or a secured mortgage payment?

“Missing payments on any type of debt will hurt payment history and cause a score to drop,” said House. “Late payments on mortgages and credit cards typically cause a significant decrease, which varies depending on the person’s starting score and their overall credit profile.”

House said borrowers with higher starting scores may experience the largest credit score declines. Since their profile contained less negative or risky information before the missed payment, the event indicates the borrower has become riskier and alerts lenders.

“Mortgage delinquencies often trigger sharper declines because housing payments are viewed as highly predictive of financial stability,” said House.��

There is also the risk of foreclosure on a home or repossession of a vehicle, which can significantly damage a credit score.

If you cannot pay all of your bills, which should you pay first?

“If you’re unable to pay all of your bills, first assess your financial situation to determine your income and expenses. This puts you in the best position to plan, prioritize and negotiate,” said Alderete.��

Then, contact your creditors and service providers to explain your situation and discuss your options. Many creditors have hardship programs available, and they want to help, she shared.��

Next, use all available resources to prioritize payments.��

“Completing a ‘wants versus needs’ assessment can help you determine which expenses are necessary,” Alderete advised. “Typically, these are expenses for things needed to survive, like rent or mortgage, groceries, transportation to and from work, etc.”��

Remember, any missed payment will likely impact your credit score. As you identify options, ask about the impact on your credit score. Also, always get agreements in writing and keep accurate records in case you need to contest fees later.

“If you’re struggling to make payments or have a gap in your monthly budget, reach out to an �鶹��Ƶ member right away,” said Alderete. “It’s never too soon to ask for help and explore your options.”

How does medical debt affect your debt mix and credit score?

“Medical debt is the most ‘forgiven’ type of debt in the credit world because it is involuntary; no one chooses an emergency room visit,” said House. “Newer credit scoring models give less weight to medical bills because they are not a good predictor of how someone will pay their bills.”��

Recent legal updates also impact how medical bills appear on credit reports, House shared. These include:

• Removing paid medical bills from credit reports
• Requiring medical facilities and collection agencies to wait one year before reporting an unpaid medical bill to credit reporting agencies, providing time for insurance payments and for the person to explore other repayment options.
• Preventing medical debt under $500 from appearing on a credit report or score

How can a debt management plan help someone rebalance their debt mix?

A debt management plan (DMP) can help stabilize your finances in two ways, according to House.��

First, a debt management plan consolidates unsecured debts into a single structured payment.

Second, your credit counselor will work with your creditors to reduce interest rates on accounts. This allows more of each payment to go towards the principal of the debt, helping balances fall faster,” said House.

Debt management plans also help rebuild payment history and immediately begin lowering balances.

“Even though a DMP doesn’t add new types of credit, it strengthens the two areas that matter most in someone’s existing mix: on‑time payments and lower revolving balances,” said House. “Over time, this leads to a credit file that looks more stable and less dependent on high‑risk debt.”

For example, American Financial Services’ client Krysta called in with a credit score of 645 and $80,300 in unsecured debt. After 15 months on a debt management plan, her score rose to 785, and she paid off $26,700.��

“This is a clear example of how improving payment history and reducing revolving balances can meaningfully shift someone’s overall debt mix and credit profile,” said House.

�鶹��Ƶ an �鶹��Ƶ non-profit credit counselor today to get help with your debt. Call 800-450-1794.

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Whether it’s expected or out of the blue, losing your job takes a toll – both emotionally and financially. As you wrestle with the changes that come with a job loss, financial uncertainty likely tops your list of concerns.����

Fortunately, there are options for financial help after a job loss or layoff. �鶹��Ƶ asked our member experts for their best advice on what to do after losing your job. Here, we share tips to protect your finances, prioritize your bills, find financial help and avoid common pitfalls after a job loss.��

Current job cuts and financial stressors

According to a recent , American companies cut more than one million jobs in 2025. This made the year one of the worst for job losses in decades.��

Trump’s tariffs, the government shutdown and layoffs also had a major impact on the U.S. economy and consumer finances.��

How can you protect your finances after a job loss or layoff?

“The first step is to stay calm and get organized,” said April Lewis-Parks, Director of Education and Communications for Consolidated Credit. “Job loss can feel devastating, but acting quickly and logically will help protect your finances.”

File for unemployment or severance pay immediately

Immediately identify sources of income, such as unemployment or severance benefits, and apply for them.��

“Approval can take weeks, so apply as soon as possible,” said Russell Graves, Executive Director for the National Foundation for Debt Management. “These benefits won’t replace your full income, but they provide a critical lifeline.”

Next, assess your financial situation��

“Start by reviewing your essential monthly expenses – things like housing, food, utilities and transportation. Determine exactly how much you need to cover those basics each month, and then look for ways to reduce or defer costs where possible,” said Lewis-Parks.

Identify how much cash you have available in your checking, savings and emergency fund. Then review your unemployment income and allocate funds to pay down essential bills first.��

Do not include your retirement savings in your initial assessment, experts advise. Tapping retirement accounts too early can trigger income taxes and penalties and set your retirement plan up to fail in the future.

Look for ways to maximize income

Consider short-term revenue opportunities, like delivery work or substitute teaching, that can be done while searching for a permanent position, advised Manuel Salazar, CEO of Take Charge America.

“Remember, [finding a new job] usually takes at least a few weeks from application to employment in a well-paying job, so don’t wait to begin the job search process,” said Salazar.��

Preserve as much cash as you can��

“That means stopping all unnecessary spending and living on a crisis budget,” said Salazar.

He recommends making drastic changes immediately, such as eliminating dining out, unnecessary car trips, and lottery tickets. “Cancel all subscriptions and say no to all solicitations. Whatever cash exists, and whatever credit exists, should be preserved.”

Graves advised cutting back on extra debt payments and only paying minimums.

To best manage your cash, Graves said, “Focus on essentials, track spending weekly, and use tools like budgeting apps or spreadsheets. Or, go old school and use a small notebook to jot down every time you spend money.”

�鶹��Ƶ your creditors and service providers early

“Many creditors, from mortgage companies to auto lenders to credit card companies, will work with customers to provide some relief,” said Salazar.��

“Some may add a payment at the end of a loan and forgive an immediate payment. Some may temporarily lower interest rates. Many lenders have a defined hardship plan for consumers who lose a job.”

The key is, you have to ask, added Graves.��

�鶹��Ƶ member credit counselors can provide guidance on working with your creditors. They can also help you find ways to best use your available resources and credit.��

What bills should you pay first?

When income is limited, prioritize the most essential bills first – those necessary for you to survive. If you lose your job, pay these bills first:

1. Housing – Stay current on your rent or mortgage if possible. Losing your home will make recovery much harder.
2. Utilities – Electricity, water and internet are necessities for daily life and job searching.
3. Food and healthcare – Maintain access to basic nutrition and necessary prescriptions.
4. Transportation – A vehicle or bus pass enables you to get to job interviews, part-time jobs and sources of aid, like food banks. Be aware, there are very few sources of assistance for car payments.��

“The next bill to be paid is the one with the greatest penalty for late payment – typically a credit card that did not agree to a temporary hardship plan or was not contacted in order to keep one card in a usable condition,” advised Salazar.

“If the crisis lasts much longer than a month, bills should be paid on a rotating basis to avoid losing utilities and to prevent collection calls.”

Where can you find financial help after a job loss?

Financial help for unemployed people is available. Our financial counseling experts suggest these resources:����

• – This site will direct you to your state benefits, including SNAP, Medicaid, COBRA (for health insurance) and the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) for energy bills.
• – This site connects people to local assistance programs, including food, housing and utilities.��
• – Military veterans may be eligible for VA programs and assistance. The National Veterans Financial Resource Center (FINVET) is one such resource.
• – If you are 62 or older but have not taken Social Security, consider drawing retirement benefits. Talk with a financial counselor about the pros and cons of this strategy.����
• Financial Counseling Association of America – Our non-profit organization connects people to certified credit counselors who can help them map out next steps based on their income and debt level.
• Local nonprofits and credit unions – Search online to find programs in your state or local area. Many local programs offer emergency grants or temporary financial help.

How can you prevent falling into debt after a job loss?

No one wants to come out of a period of unemployment deeper in debt. These tips can help you reduce or avoid debt, despite the financial uncertainty.

• Manage your budget well. “Revisit your budget weekly and keep a close eye on your spending. Try to maintain enough savings to cover one month’s essentials while you search for new income,” said Lewis-Parks.
• Find a side hustle. “Part-time work can help, as long as it doesn’t create more stress or cost money upfront,” advised Lewis-Parks. Think about gig or freelance work that uses your existing skills. You could try delivery driving, tutoring, pet sitting or selling items online.��
• Keep your hands off your retirement savings. Tapping a 401(k) should be a last resort, according to Graves and Lewis-Parks. If you take early withdrawals, you’ll likely face taxes and penalties. You may also lose future growth potential that could significantly hurt your retirement security.��
• Recognize the risks of personal loans. Personal loans can sometimes bridge a short gap, but they come with risks like high interest rates and credit score impacts if you fall behind on payments. “Taking on new debt without a steady income can dig a deeper hole. If you must borrow, keep it small and short-term, and compare lenders carefully,” said Lewis-Parks.
• Take a mediocre job with benefits while you continue to search. “Even if it isn’t a good job and even if it is minimum wage, having a job is good for morale and good for cash flow,” said Salazar. “That doesn’t mean abandoning the real job search, but few people can go months without a paycheck and health insurance.”

Financial pitfalls to avoid after losing a job

Losing a job can be traumatic, and different people react differently to the experience. To recover from a job loss, focus on what needs to happen, organize yourself and take positive steps forward.

“The biggest mistake is ignoring the problem,” said Lewis-Parks. “Many people go into denial and keep spending as if nothing has changed, hoping to find another job quickly. That’s when credit card debt starts to spiral.”

Ignoring bills and using credit to maintain your lifestyle will put you on a dangerous path.��

“Silence can lead to collections and credit damage, so communicate early. Creditors have in-house temporary programs to assist, with some offering no payment required for a period of time, and others requiring interest only,” said Graves.

On the other hand, acting out of emotion with your finances can also sabotage your efforts. Avoid cashing out retirement accounts or maxing out credit cards. And don’t take on unnecessary new debt. High-interest loans or cash advances can quickly add up and trap you in debt.��

How a credit counselor can help after a job loss

“Losing a job can feel overwhelming, especially when bills are mounting and the future feels uncertain. However, you’re not alone. There are steps you can take with a credit counselor right now to help stabilize your situation,” said Graves.

�鶹��Ƶ member credit counselors can help you review your budget, identify immediate needs and find ways to cut expenses. Because of our existing relationships with creditors, we can easily help you find and access your creditors’ hardship programs.

Furthermore, �鶹��Ƶ members have many resources to help unemployed people. Our members can help you identify unemployment benefits, local assistance programs, upskilling or reskilling programs and temporary work options.��

Connect with an �鶹��Ƶ member credit counselor for help today. Start by clicking here.

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Want to make a dramatic difference in your personal finances? �鶹��Ƶ and our members recommend building and living within a healthy budget. Follow these tips on how to make a budget that will stick!

A budget is a plan that outlines how you intend to allocate your income to cover expenses and achieve your financial goals. Budgets show where your money comes from and where it goes each month, keeping your finances organized and more manageable.��

This article will discuss the value of creating a budget, offer practical tips to make a budget, share common mistakes or pitfalls and ways to stick with your budget.

Why create a budget?

Understanding your finances – where your money comes from and where it goes – relieves stress, enables independence and helps you plan for the future.��

• Having a budget relieves stress. Rising inflation, job changes and economic uncertainty cause anxiety for many people. Having a budget relieves some of this pressure by enabling you to better react to changes.

“A budget gives you the ability to ensure that your expenses don’t exceed your income and to plan for future expenditures. It is your most powerful tool in achieving both short-term and long-term financial health,” says Lara Ceccarelli, credit counselor and team mentor at American Financial Solutions, an �鶹��Ƶ member.

• Having a budget enables independence. When you have a plan for your monthly income and expenses, you have more control over how to spend or save your money. Following your budget prevents overspending and helps you pay off debt, save for an emergency fund, invest your money and grow in financial independence.��
• Having a budget helps you plan for the future. Everyone has future goals, and often, those goals require money. Whether you are paying off student loan debt, saving for a house, sending kids to college or preparing for retirement, a budget will help. “Budgets arm you with the knowledge you need to meet basic monthly expenses and the knowledge to plan for emergency expenses or sporadic, larger costs (vacations, insurance premiums, veterinary expenses, etc.),” says Ceccarelli.

How to make a budget

Building a budget may feel like a difficult task, but with a little organization, you can create a workable budget.��

To make the process as easy as possible, try the �鶹��Ƶ’s budgeting calculator – the Debt Freedom Tool. This tool is a free, helpful resource available with no strings attached. It will ask all the questions you need to answer to develop your budget. At the end, it will provide you with a free copy of your budget, recommendations for debt help and the opportunity to connect with a certified credit counselor, if desired.��

To tackle the task of building a budget on your own, follow these steps:

Define your goals

Remembering why you are going through this process and what you hope to accomplish will help you remain committed and achieve your goals. Write your goals down or create a vision board – whatever will inspire you to keep going.

Determine your take-home pay

Figure out how much income you actually bring home each month after taxes, retirement contributions, insurance, etc. If your income fluctuates, track it so you can determine an average.

Organize your bills

“Gather every recent statement you can find from the last few months, then separate them [by month, then by priority],” advises Martin Lynch, president of the �鶹��Ƶ.

“Focus on the major recurring expenses first, such as rent or mortgage, utilities, car payment, insurance, etc. Ideally, have a few months’ worth, as that will help you determine what a typical month’s expenses are.”

Each month’s bills should be sorted according to their importance in the following categories: needs, wants, debt and savings.

Needs – Include major recurring expenses, as well as retirement contributions and food bills (though these may fluctuate throughout the year).

Wants – Expenses that are not critical to your or your family’s survival. This could include eating out, entertainment, most subscriptions or other items you splurge on.

Debt – This includes student loans, personal loans and credit card debt.

Savings – Include your emergency fund, retirement savings and any other savings.

Don’t forget to add expenses that may not come up every month, advises Lisa Ohnemus, director at Consumer Credit of Des Moines, an �鶹��Ƶ member. Set aside money for car repair bills, insurance payments and holiday spending. Also, make sure to track your spending for dining out and small everyday expenses. They add up!��

Add all expenses to a spreadsheet or budget tracking app

Once all expenses are listed, you can start monitoring your spending habits. Keeping good records is the first step to seeing what you are spending each month and what category most expenses fall into.��

Choose a budgeting strategy that fits

“There are a plethora of effective budgeting strategies. If you try one and it doesn’t work for you, try another,” advises Ceccarelli.��

A common strategy is the 50/30/20 method. This means that you use 50% of your income to cover your needs. The remaining half would be split to cover your wants (30%) and fund your debt and savings (20%).��

Other budgeting methods include a similar 60/30/10 method, an envelope or cash-stuffing method, and more. Find one that works for you.��

Track and adjust your budget

Track your income and expenses each month. Watch for fluctuations and adjust your budget accordingly.

Some months you will spend more, perhaps because of a holiday or a cluster of birthdays. In other months, you should spend less. The goal is to find a balance.

You can use a budgeting app (make sure it’s trustworthy first!) or calculate your budget on a spreadsheet or on paper. What truly matters is that you have an accurate, working budget.��

If you need help, a non-profit �鶹��Ƶ member credit counselor can walk you through the process, answer questions and offer helpful suggestions. Our members’ counselors are all certified and trained. As nonprofits, their goal is to help you as best as possible, without judgment.��

Common budgeting mistakes and pitfalls

Creating a budget can be quite simple, but there are things people overlook or discount that should be on your radar. Keep away from budgeting pitfalls with these tips:

Allow flexibility but track accurately

“A budget is simply a way to see where your money’s going so you can stay focused on what matters,” says Ohnemus. “A few common mistakes when building a budget are making it so tight there’s no wiggle room … and just guessing instead of tracking real numbers.”

Apathy about small or fluctuating expenses

Watch out for small bills and fluctuating expenses, warns Ceccarelli. “It’s easy to fall into the temptation of saying, ‘This subscription is under $20, so it isn’t worth tracking.’ The problem is that people very rarely have only one small recurring cost. Even a $5 or $10 expense can add up if there are several of them.”

Additionally, it’s harder to manually track a fluctuating expense, like gas or groceries, than it is to track a fixed cost, like rent or a mortgage. “People tend to discount the role that these fluctuating expenses play in their monthly budget,” explains Ceccarelli. The numbers are harder to ascertain, leaving the person at risk of a serious shortfall at the end of the month or pay period.”

Revisit your budget again and again

“Remember, a budget is a living document. If you forget a few things or make a mistake, it isn’t the end of the world. It’s only bad if you don’t then adjust your budget,” says Sam Hohman, CEO of Credit Advisors Foundation, an �鶹��Ƶ member.��

“Budgeting is not a ‘set it and forget it’ activity. Just like a road map, you have to keep referring to it to make sure you are on the right course,” Hohman says.

How to stick to your budget

Sticking to your budget is just as important as making a budget. Below, our experts share their top tips for sticking with your budget:��

Remember the big picture

“If you’re taking the time to create a budget, there’s probably a reason for it,” says Ceccarelli. “On days when it feels impossible to stick to your spending plan, remember your long-term goals and be kind to your future self.”

“Passing up the coffee shop can be miserable until you realize you are one step closer to home ownership or a new car or whatever it is you are saving for,” agreed Hohman.��

Think concretely about your dream

“Sometimes, it’s easier to think of your money like pieces of your dream,” Hohman added. For example, consider forgoing a new pair of shoes or a pricey dinner out and instead save for the new sofa you have been wanting for your home.����

Make your budget sustainable

“People often try to implement an austerity budget when they first start. The problem is that budgets are a lot like diets. If you tried to eat salads every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner, you would (in all likelihood) eventually break down and eat a pizza. Budgets function the same way,” says Ceccarelli.����

“If you cut all discretionary expenditures and leave yourself without any recreational outlets, you’re likely to end up frustrated and eventually walk away from your efforts. That’s why it’s important to build in some ‘mad money’ that you can spend on something you enjoy.”

�鶹��Ƶ member counselors are here to help

The peace of mind you will gain from building a sustainable budget can be life-changing. A budget can help you organize your finances, obtain independence and achieve both short and long-term goals.��

�鶹��Ƶ’s non-profit member agencies are here to help you. As non-profit organizations, their goal is to help you build a budget and get out of debt. Their specially trained counselors can help you create a realistic budget and advise you on the best ways to get out of debt. �鶹��Ƶ an �鶹��Ƶ credit counselor today to learn more.

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